常见错误类型
1. API 错误
2. 网络错误
3. 业务错误
错误处理配置
基础配置
# ~/.openclaw/config.yaml
errorHandling:
retry:
enabled: true
maxAttempts: 3
backoff: "exponential" # 指数退避
initialDelay: 1000 # 1 秒
maxDelay: 30000 # 30 秒
fallback:
enabled: true
model: "deepseek-chat" # 备用模型
message: "服务暂时不可用，请稍后重试"
logging:
enabled: true
level: "error"
file: "~/.openclaw/logs/error.log"
高级配置
errorHandling:
# 错误分类处理
handlers:
- type: "api_error"
actions:
- retry
- fallback
- notify
- type: "network_error"
actions:
- retry
- checkNetwork
- type: "business_error"
actions:
- log
- userMessage
# 降级策略
degradation:
rateLimit:
threshold: 10 # 10 次/分钟
action: "queue" # 排队处理
errorRate:
threshold: 0.1 # 10% 错误率
action: "circuit_breaker" # 熔断
代码示例
重试逻辑
async function withRetry(fn, maxAttempts = 3) {
for (let i = 0; i < maxAttempts; i++) {
try {
return await fn();
} catch (error) {
if (i === maxAttempts - 1) throw error;
const delay = Math.min(1000 * Math.pow(2, i), 30000);
await sleep(delay);
}
}
}
降级处理
async function chatWithFallback(message) {
try {
// 尝试主模型
return await openclaw.chat(message, { model: "claude-sonnet" });
} catch (error) {
console.error("主模型失败，切换备用:", error.message);
// 降级到 DeepSeek
return await openclaw.chat(message, { model: "deepseek-chat" });
}
}
熔断器
class CircuitBreaker {
constructor(threshold = 5, timeout = 60000) {
this.failures = 0;
this.threshold = threshold;
this.timeout = timeout;
this.state = "closed"; // closed/open/half-open
this.lastFailure = null;
}
async execute(fn) {
if (this.state === "open") {
if (Date.now() - this.lastFailure > this.timeout) {
this.state = "half-open";
} else {
throw new Error("Circuit breaker is open");
}
}
try {
const result = await fn();
this.onSuccess();
return result;
} catch (error) {
this.onFailure();
throw error;
}
}
onSuccess() {
this.failures = 0;
this.state = "closed";
}
onFailure() {
this.failures++;
this.lastFailure = Date.now();
if (this.failures >= this.threshold) {
this.state = "open";
}
}
}
监控告警
Prometheus 指标
metrics:
errors_total:
type: counter
labels: [type, model, channel]
error_rate:
type: gauge
labels: [model]
retry_total:
type: counter
labels: [model, success]
告警规则
alerts:
- name: "high_error_rate"
expr: "error_rate > 0.1"
duration: 5m
severity: "warning"
message: "错误率超过 10%"
- name: "api_down"
expr: "errors_total{type='api_error'} > 100"
duration: 1m
severity: "critical"
message: "API 大量错误，请检查"
最佳实践总结
总结 ：好的错误处理让系统更稳定，用户体验更好。